Samples of clays from Actopan, Hidalgo employed in brick manufacturing are physical, chemical and mineralogical characterized. Transmitted polarized light microscopy showed a uniform particle size with grain morphology characteristic of euhedral crystals with quartz, feldspars, nontronite, and iron oxides particles. Scanning Electron Microscopy revealed 75 µm to 90 µm wide subhedral structures formed by particles from 2.0 µm to 5.0 µm; and rombohedrales forms 40 µm wide, 70 µm long, constituted of silicon, aluminum, iron, titanium, calcium, minor amounts of potassium, magnesium, and sodium. Minerals such as quartz, albite, cristobalite, calcium and Hematite phases were recognized by X-Ray Diffraction technique. Chemical analysis by atomic emission spectrometry with Inductively Coupled Plasma confirmed this mineralogy composition while laser granulometry method found the same particle size. Grain size analysis determined submicrometric dimensions, and multimodal type curves, that can be interpreted as the mixing of two or more different mineral phases in each sample.

The paraxial regime of scalar wave optics has the same structure as non-relativistic quantum mechanics, with wavelength taking the place of the Planck constant. The Wigner function is a central tool to explore the phase space of a system; in optics, moreover, it can be produced by purely optical means. In this first part, we present a matrix-based formalism for the study of paraxial optical systems, and apply it to the description of a setup that, as will be seen in the second part, produces the Wigner function.

El régimen parxial de la óptica ondulatoria escalar tiene la misma estructura que la mecánica cuántica no relativista, donde la longitud de onda juega el papel de la constante de Planck. La función de Wigner es una herramienta central para explorar el espacio fase de un sistema; además, en óptica, se puede producir con medios exclusivamente ópticos. En esta primera parte, presentamos un formalismo matricial para el estudio de los sistemas ópticos parxiales y lo aplicamos en la descripción de un arreglo, que como veremos en la segunda parte, produce la función de Wigner.